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Verifying an RMAN Backup

September 25, 2020, 8:41 am
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 In general, most database backups with RMAN always include the "correct" set of ArchiveLogs.  This is done either with :
1. BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG
or
2. ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT ;  followed by BACKUP ARCHIVELOG

But if you receive a Backup from another DBA, can you validate that you have all the ArchiveLogs required to RECOVER DATABASE upto a consistent point (SEQUENCE# or TIME ?) ?
If you use an RMAN Catalog schema, you can query that RMAN Catalog schema for information.
But if there is no RMAN Catalog schema, all the information you need is in the Controlfile backup
One technique that can be used is
1. Create a dummy parameter file with
    a. DB_NAME the same as the source database
    b. A different DB_UNIQUE_NAME (particulary if you have an existing database on the target server with the same DB_NAME)
    c. CONTROL_FILE specifying a "temporary" location -- you will be removing the control files and restoring them to the actual desired target location when you choose to do a Full Restore
2. Restore the Controlfile
3. Remove all entries about RMAN Backups from the Controlfile (as it has a history of recent backups and may even be a Controlfile backup newer than the Database backup that is provided to you, capturing more recent backups
4. Catalog the set of Backup Pieces that you receive
5. Query the catalog that you now create in the Controlfile to check the ArchiveLogs vis-a-vis the Datafiles in the set of Backup Pieces.

At the end of the exercise, I discard the "temporary" parameter file that I used and also remove the Contolfile that I have restored.
If I find that the Backup is Good (i.e. ArchiveLogs contain enough Redo (SCNs) to RECOVER the datafiles, I can do a proper RESTORE DATABASE and RECOVER DATABASE or DUPLICATE DATABASE from the Backup.

Let's say that I receive Backup Pieces, organised as would be an FRA : 

$pwd
/u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C
$ls -l
total 32
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 18  2017 49BFE9E2D73E2038E0530100007F846C
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 18  2017 49BFF8A6BB912582E0530100007F8BE4
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun  5  2017 4F793A6D323D1344E0530100007FABC7
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 18  2017 53F8012866211264E0530100007FD493
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 13  2018 5C9E4689632518EBE0530100007F03C5
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 17 22:36 A84987FDF4C51164E0530100007FEB9C
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 24 17:45 autobackup
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 24 17:45 backupset
$


I first create a parameter file as : 

$cat initRTST.ora
db_name = 'ORCL12C'
db_unique_name = 'RTST'
control_files='/tmp/RTST_control.ctl'
enable_pluggable_database=true
$


Then, with ORACLE_SID set to RTST, I restore and mount the Controlfile 

$ORACLE_SID=RTST;export ORACLE_SID
$ls -l /tmp/RT*
ls: cannot access /tmp/RT*: No such file or directory
$sqlplus '/ as sysdba'

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Sep 25 23:03:06 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_1/dbs/initRTST.ora';
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  318767104 bytes
Fixed Size		    8792152 bytes
Variable Size		  251660200 bytes
Database Buffers	   50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers		    7983104 bytes
SQL> 
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
$rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Sep 25 23:03:50 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL12C (not mounted)

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_24/o1_mf_s_1051983813_hprtl5pc_.bkp';

Starting restore at 25-SEP-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=179 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/tmp/RTST_control.ctl
Finished restore at 25-SEP-20

RMAN> 
RMAN> alter database mount;

Statement processed
released channel: ORA_DISK_1

RMAN>


Next, I "clear" information about all other backups from the controlfile. 

RMAN> delete noprompt backup;

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=182 device type=DISK

List of Backup Pieces
BP Key  BS Key  Pc# Cp# Status      Device Type Piece Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
54      54      1   1   AVAILABLE   DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/49BFF8A6BB912582E0530100007F8BE4/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp04r2g_.bkp
55      55      1   1   AVAILABLE   DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp06hp3_.bkp
56      56      1   1   AVAILABLE   DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/A84987FDF4C51164E0530100007FEB9C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp07lof_.bkp
57      57      1   1   AVAILABLE   DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/49BFE9E2D73E2038E0530100007F846C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp08cvs_.bkp
58      58      1   1   AVAILABLE   DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_23/o1_mf_s_1051891355_hpp08vpr_.bkp
59      59      1   1   AVAILABLE   DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20200923T160252_hpp09dhy_.bkp
60      60      1   1   AVAILABLE   DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_23/o1_mf_s_1051891375_hpp09hv5_.bkp
61      61      1   1   AVAILABLE   DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20200923T160351_hpp0c7dt_.bkp
62      62      1   1   AVAILABLE   DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_23/o1_mf_s_1051891432_hpp0c8ol_.bkp
63      63      1   1   AVAILABLE   DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/49BFF8A6BB912582E0530100007F8BE4/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprtbjth_.bkp
64      64      1   1   AVAILABLE   DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20200924T174142_hprtgqn6_.bkp
65      65      1   1   AVAILABLE   DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprtfwxl_.bkp
66      66      1   1   AVAILABLE   DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_24/o1_mf_s_1051983710_hprtgzm1_.bkp
67      67      1   1   AVAILABLE   DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/A84987FDF4C51164E0530100007FEB9C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprth013_.bkp
68      68      1   1   AVAILABLE   DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/49BFE9E2D73E2038E0530100007F846C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprths4n_.bkp
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/49BFF8A6BB912582E0530100007F8BE4/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprtbjth_.bkp RECID=63 STAMP=1051983568
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20200924T174142_hprtgqn6_.bkp RECID=64 STAMP=1051983703
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprtfwxl_.bkp RECID=65 STAMP=1051983676
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_24/o1_mf_s_1051983710_hprtgzm1_.bkp RECID=66 STAMP=1051983711
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/A84987FDF4C51164E0530100007FEB9C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprth013_.bkp RECID=67 STAMP=1051983712
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/49BFE9E2D73E2038E0530100007F846C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprths4n_.bkp RECID=68 STAMP=1051983737
Deleted 6 objects

RMAN-06207: warning: 9 objects could not be deleted for DISK channel(s) due
RMAN-06208:          to mismatched status.  Use CROSSCHECK command to fix status
RMAN-06210: List of Mismatched objects
RMAN-06211: ==========================
RMAN-06212:   Object Type   Filename/Handle
RMAN-06213: --------------- ---------------------------------------------------
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece    /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/49BFF8A6BB912582E0530100007F8BE4/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp04r2g_.bkp
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece    /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp06hp3_.bkp
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece    /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/A84987FDF4C51164E0530100007FEB9C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp07lof_.bkp
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece    /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/49BFE9E2D73E2038E0530100007F846C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp08cvs_.bkp
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece    /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_23/o1_mf_s_1051891355_hpp08vpr_.bkp
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece    /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20200923T160252_hpp09dhy_.bkp
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece    /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_23/o1_mf_s_1051891375_hpp09hv5_.bkp
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece    /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20200923T160351_hpp0c7dt_.bkp
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece    /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_23/o1_mf_s_1051891432_hpp0c8ol_.bkp


RMAN> 
RMAN> crosscheck backup;

using channel ORA_DISK_1
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/49BFF8A6BB912582E0530100007F8BE4/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp04r2g_.bkp RECID=54 STAMP=1051891224
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp06hp3_.bkp RECID=55 STAMP=1051891279
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/A84987FDF4C51164E0530100007FEB9C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp07lof_.bkp RECID=56 STAMP=1051891314
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/49BFE9E2D73E2038E0530100007F846C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp08cvs_.bkp RECID=57 STAMP=1051891339
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_23/o1_mf_s_1051891355_hpp08vpr_.bkp RECID=58 STAMP=1051891355
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20200923T160252_hpp09dhy_.bkp RECID=59 STAMP=1051891372
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_23/o1_mf_s_1051891375_hpp09hv5_.bkp RECID=60 STAMP=1051891375
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20200923T160351_hpp0c7dt_.bkp RECID=61 STAMP=1051891431
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_23/o1_mf_s_1051891432_hpp0c8ol_.bkp RECID=62 STAMP=1051891432
Crosschecked 9 objects


RMAN> delete noprompt expired backup;

using channel ORA_DISK_1

List of Backup Pieces
BP Key  BS Key  Pc# Cp# Status      Device Type Piece Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
54      54      1   1   EXPIRED     DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/49BFF8A6BB912582E0530100007F8BE4/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp04r2g_.bkp
55      55      1   1   EXPIRED     DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp06hp3_.bkp
56      56      1   1   EXPIRED     DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/A84987FDF4C51164E0530100007FEB9C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp07lof_.bkp
57      57      1   1   EXPIRED     DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/49BFE9E2D73E2038E0530100007F846C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp08cvs_.bkp
58      58      1   1   EXPIRED     DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_23/o1_mf_s_1051891355_hpp08vpr_.bkp
59      59      1   1   EXPIRED     DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20200923T160252_hpp09dhy_.bkp
60      60      1   1   EXPIRED     DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_23/o1_mf_s_1051891375_hpp09hv5_.bkp
61      61      1   1   EXPIRED     DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20200923T160351_hpp0c7dt_.bkp
62      62      1   1   EXPIRED     DISK        /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_23/o1_mf_s_1051891432_hpp0c8ol_.bkp
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/49BFF8A6BB912582E0530100007F8BE4/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp04r2g_.bkp RECID=54 STAMP=1051891224
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp06hp3_.bkp RECID=55 STAMP=1051891279
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/A84987FDF4C51164E0530100007FEB9C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp07lof_.bkp RECID=56 STAMP=1051891314
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/49BFE9E2D73E2038E0530100007F846C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200923T160023_hpp08cvs_.bkp RECID=57 STAMP=1051891339
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_23/o1_mf_s_1051891355_hpp08vpr_.bkp RECID=58 STAMP=1051891355
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20200923T160252_hpp09dhy_.bkp RECID=59 STAMP=1051891372
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_23/o1_mf_s_1051891375_hpp09hv5_.bkp RECID=60 STAMP=1051891375
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_23/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20200923T160351_hpp0c7dt_.bkp RECID=61 STAMP=1051891431
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_23/o1_mf_s_1051891432_hpp0c8ol_.bkp RECID=62 STAMP=1051891432
Deleted 9 EXPIRED objects


RMAN> list backup;

specification does not match any backup in the repository

RMAN>


Now I am ready the catalog the Backup Pieces that I have received 

RMAN> catalog start with '/u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C';

searching for all files that match the pattern /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C

List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/49BFE9E2D73E2038E0530100007F846C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprths4n_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/49BFF8A6BB912582E0530100007F8BE4/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprtbjth_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_24/o1_mf_s_1051983710_hprtgzm1_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_24/o1_mf_s_1051983813_hprtl5pc_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/A84987FDF4C51164E0530100007FEB9C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprth013_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20200924T174142_hprtgqn6_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprtfwxl_.bkp

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? YES
cataloging files...
cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/49BFE9E2D73E2038E0530100007F846C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprths4n_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/49BFF8A6BB912582E0530100007F8BE4/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprtbjth_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_24/o1_mf_s_1051983710_hprtgzm1_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_24/o1_mf_s_1051983813_hprtl5pc_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/A84987FDF4C51164E0530100007FEB9C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprth013_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20200924T174142_hprtgqn6_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprtfwxl_.bkp

RMAN>


Note how the CATALOG command found 3 PDBs in the Backup.
I can now query from RMAN to get information 

RMAN> list backup;


List of Backup Sets
===================


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
69      Full    163.55M    DISK        00:01:06     24-SEP-20      
        BP Key: 69   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20200924T173928
        Piece Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/49BFE9E2D73E2038E0530100007F846C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprths4n_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 69
  Container ID: 2, PDB Name: PDB$SEED
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  5       Full 1443131    02-MAR-17              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/pdbseed/system01.dbf
  6       Full 1443131    02-MAR-17              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
  8       Full 1443131    02-MAR-17              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
70      Full    503.88M    DISK        00:01:46     24-SEP-20      
        BP Key: 70   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20200924T173928
        Piece Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/49BFF8A6BB912582E0530100007F8BE4/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprtbjth_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 70
  Container ID: 3, PDB Name: ORCL
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  9       Full 3285704    24-SEP-20              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/orcl/system01.dbf
  10      Full 3285704    24-SEP-20              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
  11      Full 3285704    24-SEP-20              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
  12      Full 3285704    24-SEP-20              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/orcl/users01.dbf
  13      Full 3285704    24-SEP-20              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/orcl/APEX_1991375173370654.dbf
  14      Full 3285704    24-SEP-20              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/orcl/APEX_1993195660370985.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
71      Full    18.22M     DISK        00:00:01     24-SEP-20      
        BP Key: 71   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20200924T174150
        Piece Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_24/o1_mf_s_1051983710_hprtgzm1_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 24-SEP-20
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL12C
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 3286161      Ckp time: 24-SEP-20

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
72      Full    18.22M     DISK        00:00:00     24-SEP-20      
        BP Key: 72   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20200924T174333
        Piece Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/autobackup/2020_09_24/o1_mf_s_1051983813_hprtl5pc_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 24-SEP-20
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL12C
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 3286305      Ckp time: 24-SEP-20

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
73      Full    161.83M    DISK        00:00:19     24-SEP-20      
        BP Key: 73   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20200924T173928
        Piece Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/A84987FDF4C51164E0530100007FEB9C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprth013_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 73
  Container ID: 4, PDB Name: NEWPDB
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  41      Full 3286164    24-SEP-20              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL12C/A84987FDF4C51164E0530100007FEB9C/datafile/o1_mf_system_hgnbd696_.dbf
  42      Full 3286164    24-SEP-20              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL12C/A84987FDF4C51164E0530100007FEB9C/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_hgnbd6c1_.dbf
  43      Full 3286164    24-SEP-20              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL12C/A84987FDF4C51164E0530100007FEB9C/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_hgnbd6c2_.dbf
  44      Full 3286164    24-SEP-20              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL12C/A84987FDF4C51164E0530100007FEB9C/datafile/o1_mf_my_user__hgnbjwg7_.dbf

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
74      23.55M     DISK        00:00:03     24-SEP-20      
        BP Key: 74   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20200924T174142
        Piece Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20200924T174142_hprtgqn6_.bkp

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 74
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    73      3030419    17-JUN-20 3033316    17-JUN-20
  1    74      3033316    17-JUN-20 3033319    17-JUN-20
  1    75      3033319    17-JUN-20 3033326    17-JUN-20
  1    76      3033326    17-JUN-20 3033329    17-JUN-20
  1    77      3033329    17-JUN-20 3033340    17-JUN-20
  1    78      3033340    17-JUN-20 3033343    17-JUN-20
  1    79      3033343    17-JUN-20 3033358    17-JUN-20
  1    80      3033358    17-JUN-20 3035646    17-JUN-20
  1    81      3035646    17-JUN-20 3035675    17-JUN-20
  1    82      3035675    17-JUN-20 3036658    17-JUN-20
  1    83      3036658    17-JUN-20 3038913    09-JUL-20
  1    84      3038913    09-JUL-20 3057240    13-JUL-20
  1    85      3057240    13-JUL-20 3163574    23-SEP-20
  1    86      3163574    23-SEP-20 3165215    23-SEP-20
  1    87      3165215    23-SEP-20 3165221    23-SEP-20
  1    88      3165221    23-SEP-20 3165687    23-SEP-20
  1    89      3165687    23-SEP-20 3165755    23-SEP-20
  1    90      3165755    23-SEP-20 3165858    23-SEP-20
  1    91      3165858    23-SEP-20 3167178    23-SEP-20
  1    92      3167178    23-SEP-20 3168603    23-SEP-20
  1    93      3168603    23-SEP-20 3284332    24-SEP-20
  1    94      3284332    24-SEP-20 3285739    24-SEP-20
  1    95      3285739    24-SEP-20 3285960    24-SEP-20
  1    96      3285960    24-SEP-20 3286131    24-SEP-20

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
75      Full    327.08M    DISK        00:00:31     24-SEP-20      
        BP Key: 75   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20200924T173928
        Piece Name: /u01/app/Backup_from_Source/ORCL12C/backupset/2020_09_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200924T173928_hprtfwxl_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 75
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  1       Full 3286067    24-SEP-20              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/system01.dbf
  3       Full 3286067    24-SEP-20              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/sysaux01.dbf
  7       Full 3286067    24-SEP-20              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/users01.dbf
  15      Full 3286067    24-SEP-20              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/undotbs2.dbf

RMAN>


From "eyeballing" the output, I can see that :
a. the highest Checkpoint SCN for datafiles is 3286164 (for PDB "NEWPDB")
but
b. the highest ArchiveLog SCN is 3286130 (3286131-1) from Sequence#96.
Quite obviously, I do not have enough Redo Information in the ArchiveLogs to be able to RECOVER to a consistent SCN.
Of course, the RMAN LIST BACKUP listing is quite short here.  What if it was very long  ?  How would I "query" ?  Using SQL, of course. 

$sqlplus '/ as sysdba'

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Sep 25 23:18:31 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='DD-MON-RR HH24:MI';

Session altered.

SQL> 
SQL> select df.con_id, max(df.checkpoint_change#)
  2  from v$backup_datafile df, v$database d
  3  where df.resetlogs_change#=d.resetlogs_change#
  4  and df.con_id > 0
  5  group by df.con_id
  6  /

    CON_ID MAX(DF.CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#)
---------- --------------------------
         1	              3286305
         2	              1443131
         3	              3285704
         4	              3286164

SQL> 
SQL> select df.con_id, max(df.checkpoint_time)
  2  from v$backup_datafile df, v$database d
  3  where df.resetlogs_change#=d.resetlogs_change#
  4  and df.con_id > 0
  5  group by df.con_id
  6  /   

    CON_ID MAX(DF.CHECKPOI
---------- ---------------
	 1 24-SEP-20 17:43
	 2 02-MAR-17 07:57
	 3 24-SEP-20 17:39
	 4 24-SEP-20 17:41

SQL> 

SQL> select arc.thread#, max(arc.next_change#)-1
  2  from v$backup_archivelog_details arc, v$database d
  3  where arc.resetlogs_change#=d.resetlogs_change#
  4  group by arc.thread#
  5  /

   THREAD# MAX(ARC.NEXT_CHANGE#)-1
---------- -----------------------
	 1		   3286130

SQL> 
SQL> select arc.thread#, max(arc.next_time)-1/1440      
  2  from v$backup_archivelog_details arc, v$database d
  3  where arc.resetlogs_change#=d.resetlogs_change#
  4  group by arc.thread#
  5  /         

   THREAD# MAX(ARC.NEXT_TI
---------- ---------------
	 1 24-SEP-20 17:40

SQL> 
SQL> select arc.thread#, max(arc.sequence#)
  2  from v$backup_archivelog_details arc, v$database d
  3  where arc.resetlogs_change#=d.resetlogs_change#
  4  group by arc.thread#
  5  /

   THREAD# MAX(ARC.SEQUENCE#)
---------- ------------------
	 1	           96

SQL>



The information I get is that CON_ID=4 (which is NEWPDB) has at least one datafile at a higher Checkpoint SCN and Time then the last ArchiveLog in the backup.
Therefore, I would not be able to do an OPEN RESETLOGS because Oracle will expect some more Redo to be applied (from at least Sequence #97).

Why do I query for CON_ID > 0 ?  Because CON_ID=0 is for the CDB, not the actual Root (which is CON_ID=1)

Why I do filter for RESETLOGS_CHANGE#?  Because I want to query for the current Incarnation of the database, as reflected in the Controlfile.  


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